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1 how was the site of the ming tombs chosen?
Inscriptions on tortoise shells showed that the Chinese word for tombs had the same meaning with the word “nothing” which means buring underground and being void.
Confucius considered it necessary to earth up and build a tomb as a sign for the coming generations to pay tributes to their ancestors,since then,tombs evolved in the grave ground and their sizes differed according to their rank of the dead.the tomb of the emperor was the largest and most sumptuous.actually,it was a mausoleum.
Although Beijing has been a capital city for five dynasties,the tombs of the ming emperors are the only ones in the modern Beijing.the tombs of the liao dynasty(916-1125) are in northeastern china,and those of the qing emperors(1644-1911) are 125 km away from Beijing,the tombs of the jin emperors were destroyed at the end of the ming dynasty.the tombs of the yuan emperors did not survive either.
Yuan emperors did not have any mausolemns.the reason was quite simple:yuan emperors were all nomads from the Mongolian steppe,they held the belief that they should return to earth after death,because earth was where they had come from.they simply placed the dead inside a hollowed nanmu tree,which was then buried under the grassland soon it would be difficult to find any traces of the tomb.
However,the ming emperors were han Chinese who believed the existence of an after-world,where the dead would live a life similar to that of the living.therefore,ming emperors had grand mausoleums built for themselves in the ming dynasty,the mausoleums had become a big building which has a square walled city called baochen in the front and a precious top called baoding in the back.
The mausoleum area is composed of 13 tombs for the ming emperors,each of which was built between a hill and a stream.the site was chosen with the greatest care,taking he feng shui(heavenly wind and earthly water) into account.If you want to visit the Beijing,most Beijing Tour have include the Ming Tombs,if you only have one,Beijing Day Tours is good tour type for you.
Before moving the capital to Beijing,ming chengze,zhu di,sent people to Beijing to select proper site for mausoleum,they spent three years travelling around Beijing and through figuring out the intention of the emperor,considered that the small basin at the foot of huang tu hill,10 km north of changping town,with an area of 40 square kilometer,was ideal site of geomantice omen.
Zhu Di himself inspected the site,he found out the place was broad in space,screened by hills,having deep clear water,slow flows,and thick earth and infinite build of vision.in the north it neighbours the juyongguan pass,in the south is changping city,an army could be stationed here to suggested that from geomantice point of view,the site was rare and ideal.Zhu Di was satisfied and ordered starting construction of mausoleum.He renamed huang Tu Hill as the hill of Heaveny Longevity.